History+and+Nature+of+Science

Pre-K-2
No performance indicator.

Although no performance indicators are stated, students are expected to have instructional experiences that describe how people use science in their lives.

3-5
No performance indicator.

Although no performance indicators are stated, students are expected to have instructional experiences that describe how science helps people understand the natural world.

6-8
Students describe historical examples that illustrate how science advances knowledge through the scientists involved and through the ways scientists think about their work and the work of others.

a. Describe how women and men of various backgrounds, working in teams or alone and communicating about their ideas extensively with others, engage in science, engineering, and related fields. b. Describe a breakthrough from the history of science that contributes to our current understanding of science. c. Describe and provide examples that illustrate that science is a human endeavor that generates explanations based on verifiable evidence that are subject to change when new evidence does not match existing explanations.

9-Diploma
Students describe the human dimensions and traditions of science, the nature of scientific knowledge, and historical episodes in science that impacted science and society.

a. Describe the ethical traditions in science including peer review, truthful reporting, and making results public. b. Select and describe one of the major episodes in the history of science including how the scientific knowledge changed over time and any important effects on science and society. c. Give examples that show how societal, cultural, and personal beliefs and ways of viewing the world can bias scientists. d. Provide examples of criteria that distinguish scientific explanations from pseudoscientific ones.