Matter+and+Energy

Pre-K-2
Students use observable characteristics to describe objects and materials and changes to physical properties of materials.

a. Describe objects in terms of what they are made of and their physical properties. b. Describe changes in properties of materials when mixed, heated, frozen, or cut.

3-5
Students describe properties of objects and materials before and after they undergo a change or interaction.

a. Describe how the weight of an object compares to the sum of the weight of its parts. b. Illustrate how many different substances can be made from a small number of basic ingredients. c. Describe properties of original materials, and the new material(s) formed, to demonstrate that a change has occurred. d. Describe what happens to the temperatures of objects when a warmer object is near a cooler object. e. Describe how the heating and cooling of water and other materials can change the properties of the materials. f. Explain that the properties of a material may change but the total amount of material remains the same. g. Explain that materials can be composed of parts too small to be seen without magnification.

6-8
Students describe physical and chemical properties of matter, interactions and changes in matter, and transfer of energy through matter.

a. Describe that all matter is made up of atoms and distinguish between/among elements, atoms, and molecules. b. Describe how physical characteristics of elements and types of reactions they undergo have been used to create the Periodic Table. c. Describe the difference between physical and chemical change. d. Explain the relationship of the motion of atoms and molecules to the states of matter for gases, liquids, and solids. e. Explain how atoms are packed together in arrangements that compose all substances including elements, compounds, mixtures, and solutions. f. Explain and apply the understanding that substances have characteristic properties, including density, boiling point, and solubility and these properties are not dependent on the amount of matter present. g. Use the idea of atoms to explain the conservation of matter. h. Describe several different types of energy forms including